Friday, February 28, 2014

Erasing Memories

Brought to you Ben Z.


A new study suggests that receiving an electrical shock to the brain shortly after recalling a troubling event can help a person forget many of the upsetting details.
wildpixel/iStockphoto

16 comments:

Lilah said...

I am happy that scientists are finding yet another way to put electricity to use. Who knew that electric shocks could be used to erase memories? I think that this discovery could be useful in the future to help people like mentioned in the article. However, this system could have its flaws. For example, if someone received an injury and had PTSD, they would use this system to erase the memory. But if they happened to discover a scar left from the injury, one of two things could happen: They could fear from a scar that came out of "nowhere" and make up possibilities in their head that are perhaps worse than the actual situation, and get PTSD again. Or, seeing the scar may trigger their memory so that they remember the situation again, also resulting in PTSD. Although this is a possibility, it is still a very small chance, and I still do think this method would be mostly helpful in the future once it develops more. The new theory and methods of curing people that the article talked about were very interesting, although I feel that during the test they mentioned it was unfair to tell people who were already depressed some more depressing stories. While they used their cure to fix it, the article mentioned that they still remembered at least one of the stories well. Overall, the ECT method is a work in progress, both the actual method and the tests.

Greta said...

I find this experiment very good and helpful to society. It can maybe slow down the sales of anti-depression drugs. It can also, help people live a happier life. However, this experiment has it's downsides. Just like if you have amnesia and you look in a mirror, you may remember somethings, well this could happen too. Remember how the patients recalled the details of the situations after they were shown the pictures? Well if they went through a tragic and disturbing event and then they took they treatment, then they could easily look a picture that documented that event and then get depression again. Also, one of the scientists said that it may tamper with good memories. If you just had a bad memory "erased" then, you would want to have good memories on the brain. But if it blurred good memories, then you may feel a bit lost, because you see pictures of good memories, that you think never happened. All in all, I think that I would say that this articel is very detailed, but to the point.

Morgan said...

I found this article to be very interesting. I think that being able to blur memories would be a good thing for war veterans with bad memories. However, we need to develop it more for it to be useful, It would not be good to just erase a part of someones brain. Bad things happen but good things also happen at the same time. Plus they need to develop it so that it can be used at home. You do not want to go to the doctors office every time something bad happens and you need to forget it.

Madi M. said...

I know this isn't ideal, but by the time I got interested in this article, I had already posted more than 2 comments on the blog, and honestly, I didn't feel like anymore reading. However, I would like to make a comment based on what I think the article is about, because of the title. The idea of erasing memories to me is a very bad thing-- and I'm not basing this off of science, or bad side affects of it, or anything like that. Our world has already been taken over my technology, drug overdose, artificial foods, and these new things that are changing life as we know it. Everything these days is so artificial, sometimes it annoys me. And when people use this artificial-ness to make themselves feel differently, it makes me feel uncomfortable, because we're using the awesome nature around us to artificially change something about ourselves. In conclusion, I think that artificially (I'm using this word too much) erasing a memory from your brain is not a good idea because it's un-natural and having a bad experience or memory is just part of life, and we shouldn't want to change that, because for billions of years people (and animals) have been through it and survived, so why can't we?

Hudson said...

It is great that scientists keep proceeding through and are finding ideas along the way. This is a great process they go through to erase bad memories. It helps the patient stay away from depresion and such. This would help with terrorists, because you can erase the bad memories they hopefully have, and they will not plan to hijack a plane for example. I agree with Greta that there are downsides to the experiment. Like she said, you could erase the memory, however than hear about it on the news. It is not all good, and what happens if the patients suddenly remember a week or so later? Will they have to waste more of their time coming back and going through the treatment again? Although there are some downsides, overall it is a great dicovery.

Angela said...

This was a fascinating article. The idea of erasing memories is more like something that you would see in a movie or a story. Of course, this would be for a good purpose. People who have faced traumatic experiences can live in fear and depression for the rest of their life, even leading them to take their own life. In the U.S., there are about 30,000 and more suicides per year, and 11 attempted suicides for every fatal one. Obviously, this is a big problem, and I bet depression is one of the major causes. Though it does seem kind of dark to be erasing peoples' memories, traumatic experiences really do take their toll on people. Of course, as everyone mentioned above, there are ways that you can recover those memories, but it wouldn't really make their memories of the experience worse, would it? Another point I wanted to bring up was that they are giving the patients an electrical shock to the brain. Does it get rid of memories by killing brain cells? And if it does, how can they be sure that they will shock only certain ones? After all, the patient had only to think of something else before the shock, something that made them happy, and they would have erased those memories, not the most depressing ones. Also, the article said that they could "sometimes even erase them altogether." This makes it sound as if they can sometimes erase the memories, but it is often easier just to alter them. I think it is clear that the scientists are saying that they still have work to do. Ms. Schiller talks about two things in the end of the article. I agree with one of them. She stated that events in real life might have different memories than those of a story. I agree with this because when those details don't relate to them, they may not feel the fear that would have been felt had they actually been in the shoes of the characters from the stories. Her second statement, however, I do not agree with. She thought that the sleeping drug they were given might have affected them. First of all, the patients that recalled the story and did not get ECT did not have such trouble with the stories, and they took the sleeping draught, also. Second, even if it had played a part, it shouldn't matter. The scientists could merely try again with a different sleeping drug, and if that comes up with the same results, then we could just use a few certain sleeping drugs for such patients. Overall, this was a very important article, and I urge the scientists to keep on working on this study.

Christina said...

I thought that this article was interesting, but is a bad idea. I mean, how do we know that we’re not erasing good memories also? It’s true that people have depression because of bad memories, but erasing all of the good memories could also cause depression. Also, I do NOT think it’s good to be tampering with the brain too much. If we can alter memories, the experiment could go wrong and the person might remember the details differently. What if they were on a crime scene and couldn’t remember the person who committed the crime? Or worse, if they think it was someone else after the treatment? The reason that memory is taken away is also unclear. How does it work? When I looked it up, many of the websites said that electronic currents are passed through the brain of the person and then triggering a brain seizure. I feel that if something goes wrong this could be very dangerous. Also, once this technology is more developed, someone could probably use it for bad purposes. When I looked ECT up, I found that it’s not a knew experiment. In the past, it has caused problems and we still have not wiped away all of the side effects. Therefore, I think this is a fascinating idea, but it could cause problems.

Sara said...

This article was very interesting. I can't believe how much technology has improved the world. I was thinking about this, but 20 years ago we didn't have the internet and now science is allowing us to erase memories from the brain. Even though this experiment isn't completely safe, it is still a big jump from where we were 20 years ago. Imagine in 40 years, we may have a time machine and this experiment would be perfect. Anyway, it is surprising that we can erase dramatic moments from people's brains just by sending electrical shocks to the brain. In the article, scientist did experiments on people who were in very bad situations and it said all of them got depressed. In my opinion, until the people working on this project fix that problem we should not be doing this. If a person gets tested on and is depressed afterwards it is counterproductive. I think this experiment needs to grow a little before they can test it out on more people.

Emmie said...

This article was very well written and intriguing, although it had a few flaws that I will get to later. In the mean time, I would like to discuss the possibilities of this happening naturally. I know that I have been through situations (as we all have) in which I am discussing an event that happened with another person, but I believe that the other person got details of said event wrong. Then I realize that I am probably the one who got the details wrong. Is this because of some electricity shock or whatnot that caudes this memory to be altered, or is it just my memory faltering? Back to the flaws in the study. I totally agree with Madi that this is really an artificial concept that we probably shouldn't be taking part in. This being said, I still do believe that if someone hase a scarring memory and supports the idea of this treatment, that they have every right to try it for themselves. Another problem that could occur in this method is blurring good memories. It would be very hard for a patient not to think about good memories in the middle of this procedure because if someone is having you think of a bad memory, your brain naturally wants to sugarcoat it with a good memory. This could result in numerous things happening to your beloved memories. But then again, if someone would like to try this treatment in the future, I would totally support it because it is their decision. Personally, the fact that this has not been tested properly yet is reason enough not to use it. The article also didn't tell us what kind of equipment is required for this. If treatment lke this requires minerals or substances that we are running out of, I am even more against it because it is an unnecessary treatment anyway. I give the article itself a 10/10 because it was really good at describing everything, but I rate the idea of the study a 6.5/10 because I disagree with the idea of this so much. In conclusion, I think that this is a cool idea, but is not really vital in our lives.

Yvette said...

I find this article very interesting but also a little worrying.  The use of this technology may be able to help people, but it seems to me that at the same time we would need to be very careful about how this therapy was used.  What if the memory that was troubling a person was associated with both a happy event and and a tragical one. Think about a loved one who dies in some horrible way.  When you try and erase the horrible part of the memory would you also damage some or all the happy memories you have of that same person.  It seems to me that there is a great chance of some unintended consequences of zapping a person's brain. So while we may be able to help some people with this therapy, we need to be sure that we did not go too far and erase important memories along with the painful ones.

Katarina said...

I found this article very interesting. I always wondered what it would be like to erase memories. But the thing is about this technique, and probably most that will be thought of soon, is that it erases all memories, not just the ones you don't want. As Angela said, the depression from these memories can lead them to suicide and there have been so many recently. This is a big problem for many people and if we could erase these memories, others would go with it. Also, someone could remind you of the memory or some other way of remembering it and you would be in depression again. This technique will still need to be worked on and all. But, if the shock is very strong (from some sort of human or machine error), couldn't it result to brain damage and that would cost the patient a lot, including both emotionally and money. The test would have some flaws as the article pointed out. Since they have a multiple choice test, the patients could have guessed on them and that would have changed the experiment. I found this article interesting and am excited to find more in the future.

Samantha said...

Wow! This article is super interesting. I had no idea that testing like this was going on. This research is so critical, and if developed correctly, it can help so many people. Unfortunately, as the last the bit of the article mentioned, scientists need to ensure they don’t accidently erase good memories. According to the article, the memory that becomes blurry is the one that the patients were thinking about just before the surgery. Along as the patient doesn’t think about happy memories, it is my understanding that those memories will most likely be preserved. However, if someone was to tell me not to think of something, I know that would be the only thing I would want to think about. Of course, scientists still need to complete additional research before they are sufficiently knowledgeable about this drug before they can start using it. By that time, scientists may be able to erase selective memories more skillfully. Anyway, I thought this article was very detailed and very well written; however, I do have a few questions. I have heard of drugs that, as a side-affect, accidently create memory loss. I don’t known much about that, though, so I plan to research it further. In addition, I want to know if there are any other medications that are in the process of being created, or have already been created that, like ETC, can erase certain distressing events from a person’s memory.

Samantha said...

Earlier, I mentioned a few things that I wanted to know more about, and now that I have completed some more research, I want to post my findings. First, contrary to my previous thought, there have been numerous studies that work on erasing certain memories. Actually, a few of the ones I read claimed to be pretty effective, and said that they had tested their method on mice to make sure that it worked. In addition, the articles I reviewed all were pretty different, with different approaches and ideas. However, none of the articles I read had a definite medication that was working on humans, as all the procedures are rather risky. Despite this, I found a website that I believe has a very sensible approach, and interesting information on how the experiment was conducted. The article was about an experiment on mice. Scientists were able to take out a month-old memory in a mouse without taking out other memories. In order to do this, scientists increased the amount of a protein known as a-CaMKII. That protein is part of memory storage and retrieval. Right when a mouse was thinking about his fear of getting a light shock, researching increased the amount of a-CAMKII. The fearful memory was then gone. This treatment had a long-lasting effect on the mice. Even after the amount of a-CaMKII was at a normal level, they still could not remember the distressful memory of being light shocked.
The idea of increasing the amount of a-CaMKII was not random. Previous studies showed that a-CaMKII was critical for a “cellular phenomenon thought to underlie memory formation.” Researched could return mice’s a-CaMKII levels by giving them a special pill created to stop the engineered a-CaMKII protein.
Though this research is amazingly important and extraordinary, many scientists believe memory is not to be tampered with. For a long time, humans have been building upon their experiences, and learning from their mistakes. People’s memories make up who they are, and can really change a person’s character. By deleting a memory, someone can be completely changed, and many scientists think the idea of erasing a memory is something dangerous. Thus the notion of altering memory is controversial, and there remain many different thoughts, and multiple perspectives.
In my previous post, I talked about doctor-prescribed drugs that can have amnesia–like side effects. Some drugs that have been known to either interfere with memory, or cause loss of memory include antidepressants, antihistamines, anti-anxiety medications, muscle relaxants, tranquilizers, sleeping pills, and medication given to people who had surgery in order to relive their pain. These medications, while helpful, can have dangerous effects.
In conclusion, there are many scientists and researchers that see a very scary side to experiments dealing with memories. Understandably, memories can really define a person, and in order to learn from your mistakes, you need memories. In addition, if a doctor were to accidently erase someone’s happy memories, it would be such a horrible and sad event. On the other hand, the research being done on this topic has unlimited and beneficial possibilities. If developed correctly, it can benefit so many people.

Alec A. said...

I thought that this article is interesting, but dangerous. I'm scared of the shock happening and a lot more has been erased then just the amount I want erased. It could work on the depressed people because they can't remember happiness. A person that is not depressed who just needs a specific memory erased might not find this great. This is what I think of this article.

Kayla said...

I thought that it was interesting that you could change memories. It can help if something really disturbing happened. I wonder if the affect will stay for a long time or if it will fade.

Kayla said...

I think that it might be dangerous. What happens if it damages the brain? What happens if the wrong memory is erased? If that memory were important it would not be able to come back.